15 Things You Might Not Know About 'A Sunday on La Grande Jatte — 1884'
Image credit:
Georges
Seurat. A Sunday on La Grande Jatte — 1884, 1884/86. The Art Institute
of Chicago. Helen Birch Bartlett Memorial Collection.
At first glance, Georges-Pierre Seurat's
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte —1884 seems
a warm portrait of a sunny day in a lovely park. But a closer look at
the Neo-Impressionist's most famous work reveals much more.
1.
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte —1884 is made up of millions of dots.
Forging the new style with this
first-of-its-kind painting, Seurat became the father of Pointillism and of Neo-Impressionism. However, he preferred to call his technique "chromo-luminarism,"
a term he felt better stressed its focus on color and light.
2. It took Seurat more than two years to complete.
This complicated
masterpiece of Pointillism began in 1884 with a series of almost 60
sketches Seurat made while people watching at the Paris park. Next he
started painting,
using small horizontal brush strokes. After this initial work, he began
the labor-intensive realization of his vision with tiny dots of paint—a
process that would not be completed until the spring of 1886.
3. Science was Seurat’s major muse for color choices.
"Some say they see poetry in my paintings,"
Seurat said. "I see only science." The artist was fascinated by the color
theories of scientists Michel Eugène Chevreul and Ogden Rood, and he explored Divisionism in
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte —1884.
This painting method utilizes colors in patches that essentially trick
the human eye into blending them, creating luminance and shape.
4. Ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Phoenician art inspired the Parisian scene.
Seurat sought to capture the people of his Paris just as these eras immortalized their citizens. Or as he
once put it to
French poet Gustave Kahn, "The Panathenaeans of Phidias formed
a procession. I want to make modern people, in their essential traits,
move about as they do on those friezes, and place them on canvases
organized by harmonies of color."
5. Critics initially hated it.
Seurat's groundbreaking techniques were a major turnoff for some critics at the Impressionist exhibit where
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte —1884
debuted in 1886. Other observers sneered at the rigid profiles of
Seurat’s subjects. Meant to recall Egyptian hieroglyphics, these poses
were negatively compared to tin soldiers.
6.
Sunday was revised in 1889.
Seurat re-stretched its canvas to allow for room to paint a border made up of red, orange and blue dots.
7. Seurat was just 26 when he completed his best-known work.
Thanks to his
involvement in the artist collective the Société des Artistes
Indépendants, the daring young painter's reputation was growing before
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte —1884 debuted. But while his output was seminal, it was also cut short in 1891 when Seurat died of an undetermined disease at age 31.
8.
Sunday was largely unseen for 30 years following Seurat's death.
The opportunity to view the historic painting returned in 1924 when art lover
Frederic Clay Bartlett purchased
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte —1884 and loaned it indefinitely to the Art Institute of Chicago.
9. An American philosopher helped reshape public opinion on the painting.
In the 1950s, Ernest Bloch's three-volume
The Principle of Hope explored the socio-political interpretations of A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, spurring a renewed interest and appreciation for the piece.
"This picture is one single mosaic of boredom, a masterful rendering of the disappointed longing and the incongruities of a
dolce far niente [idleness],"
Bloch wrote. "The painting depicts a middle-class Sunday morning on an island in the Seine near Paris…despite the recreation going on there, seems to belong
more to Hades than to a Sunday…The result is endless boredom, the little man's hellish utopia of skirting the Sabbath and holding onto it too; his Sunday succeeds only as a bothersome must, not as a brief taste of the Promised Land."
10. The painting is now displayed as Seurat intended.
Once he'd added his painted border, Seurat reframed
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte —1884
in a specially-made wooden frame painted a crisp white. This display
choice is still in effect at the Art Institute of Chicago.
11. But its colors have changed.
Seurat employed a
then-new pigment in his painting, a zinc chromate yellow that he hoped
would properly capture the highlights of the park's green grasses. But
for years
this pigment has been undergoing a
chemical reaction that began turning it brown even in Seurat's lifetime.
12. It's bigger than you'd think.
Not just Seurat's most popular piece, but also his biggest,
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte —1884
measures in at 81 3/4 inches by 121 1/4 inches, or about 7 feet by 10
feet. Its large size makes its every inch flush with tiny dots of color
all the more remarkable.
13. This park scene may hold hidden sex workers.
The titular locale was a favorite of prostitutes on the prowl, so
some historians suspect
that fish are not what the fishing-pole-toting woman on
the left was hoping to hook. The same speculation has arisen around the
lady on the right, with a monkey on a leash and a man on her arm.
14. The painting was nearly incinerated while visiting New York.
On April 15, 1958,
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte —1884 was on loan at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City when
a fire broke out
in the adjoining Whitney Museum. The fire damaged six canvases, injured
31 people, and killed one workman, but Seurat's beloved work was
whisked away to safety through an elevator evacuation plan.
15. It's one of the most reproduced and parodied paintings in the world.
There is a great South Florida connection to this painting. The owner of this painting was Helen Birch Bartlett. The Bartlett's donated this painting along with several others to the Art Institute in Chicago. The Bartlett's are a well known local pioneering family in South Florida having build the famous Bonnet House on Fort Lauderdale beach as a winter home. The Bonnet House is now a real public treasure and museum open for tours, music concerts, art shows and as a spectacular party and wedding spot. G
Posts
